As an alternative to traditional fuel-fueled automobiles, new energy automobiles have three main electrical systems, namely, battery, motor and electronic control, which are generated by the electric power assembly system extended on the basis of the traditional automotive "three small electricity" (air conditioning, steering, braking).Among them, motor and electronic control system are the substitution of traditional engine (gearbox) function, whose performance directly determines the main performance indicators of electric vehicle such as climbing, acceleration, maximum speed, etc.
At the same time, the working conditions of the motor and electronic control system of new energy automobiles are relatively complex: they need to be able to start and stop frequently, accelerate and decelerate frequently, require high torque for low speed/slope climbing, require low torque for high speed driving, and have a wide range of speed changes;Hybrid vehicles also need to handle special functions such as motor startup, motor generation, braking energy feedback, etc.In addition, the energy consumption of the motor directly determines the range of the motor when the battery capacity is fixed.Therefore, the electric vehicle drive system has special requirements on load requirements, technical performance and working environment:
First, the drive motor should have a higher energy density, achieve lightweight, low cost, adapt to the limited space in the car, and have the ability of energy feedback to reduce the energy consumption of the whole car;
Second, the drive motor has both high speed and wide speed, and low speed and large torque to provide high starting speed, climbing performance and high speed acceleration performance.
Third, the electronic control system should have high control accuracy, high dynamic response rate, and at the same time provide high security and reliability.
As an important part of the new energy automotive industry chain, the technology and manufacturing level of the motor electronic control system directly affect the performance and cost of the vehicle.At present, the degree of autonomy in the field of motor and electronic control in China is still far behind that of batteries. Some core components of motor and electronic control, such as IGBT chips, still do not have full autonomous production capacity. There are still a few complete vehicle enterprises and parts enterprises with complete intellectual property rights.With the gradual improvement of the domestic industry chain of motor and electronic control system, the localization rate of motor and electronic control system is gradually increasing, and the growth rate of motor and electronic control market is expected to exceed that of the new energy automobile market.
In addition, with the promotion of lightweight vehicle body structure, the cost proportion of batteries, motors and electronic control systems in the new energy automobiles has gradually increased.According to Argonne National Laboratory statistics, the cost of new energy automotive power assembly (motor, electronic control, transmission) accounted for 15.67% (car) and 13.69% (small truck) of the total cost of the vehicle, respectively, after the battery and BMS system.Driven by the policy of gradually declining subsidies for new energy automobiles, the pressure of total power cost and weight reduction will gradually be transmitted upwards to manufacturers of motor and electronic control products, and suppliers with technology and scale advantages will have an advantage in the process of cost reduction.Therefore, the electro-motor control market still largely affects the trend of the new energy automobile market.
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